Relative Clauses käytämme
Relatiivilauseet ovat osa monimutkaisia lauseita ja antavat tärkeää tietoa henkilöstä tai asiasta.
The person who called you is my brother.
This is the restaurant where we first met.
Relatiivilauseita on kahta tyyppiä:
- Määrittävät relatiivilauseet antavat olennaista tietoa
- Ei-määrittävät relatiivilauseet antavat lisä-, ei-olennaista tietoa
Defining Relative Clauses
Määrittävät relatiivilauseet antavat olennaista tietoa, joten niitä ei voi poistaa lauseesta.- niitä ei eroteta pilkuilla
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relatiivipronomini voidaan korvata sanalla “that”
The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
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joissakin tapauksissa suhteellinen pronomini who / which / that voidaan jättää pois, kun se on sivulauseen objekti
The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
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sanat all, everything, nothing, something, anything, the only, the first, the last jälkeen emme yleensä käytä which tai who — käytämme yleensä that.
All that we need now is a little patience.
Everything that he said was true.
Nothing that you do can change the situation.
Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
She is the only person that understands me.
This is the first book that really inspired me.
That was the last message that he sent me.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
non-defining-relatiivilauseet tarjoavat ylimääräistä, ei-välttämätöntä tietoa, jonka voi poistaa muuttamatta lauseen päämerkitystä.-
ovat aina erotettu pilkuilla
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
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käytämme who / which / whose / whom; emme voi käyttää that
This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
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non-defining-lauseissa suhteellista pronominia ei voi jättää pois
The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
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Which voi viitata koko edelliseen lauseeseen ja kommentoida tilannetta
She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.