Relative Clauses використовуємо
Означальні речення є частиною складних конструкцій і надають важливу інформацію про людину чи предмет.
The person who called you is my brother.
This is the restaurant where we first met.
Існує два типи означальних речень:
- Означальні підрядні речення надають необхідну інформацію
- Неозначальні підрядні речення надають додаткову, несуттєву інформацію
Defining Relative Clauses
Означальні підрядні речення містять необхідну інформацію, тому їх не можна вилучити з речення.- не відокремлюються комами
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відносне займенник можна замінити на that
The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
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у деяких випадках відносний займенник who / which / that можна опустити, якщо він є додатком у підрядному реченні
The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
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після слів all, everything, nothing, something, anything, the only, the first, the last ми зазвичай не вживаємо which або who — зазвичай використовуємо that.
All that we need now is a little patience.
Everything that he said was true.
Nothing that you do can change the situation.
Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
She is the only person that understands me.
This is the first book that really inspired me.
That was the last message that he sent me.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
неозначальні підрядні речення надають додаткову, несуттєву інформацію, яку можна прибрати, не змінюючи основного змісту.-
завжди відокремлюються комами
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
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ми використовуємо who / which / whose / whom; не можемо використовувати that
This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
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у неозначальних підрядних реченнях відносний займенник не можна опускати
The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
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Which може стосуватися всього попереднього висловлювання та давати коментар щодо ситуації
She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.