Relative Clauses نستخدم
جمل الوصل هي جزء من الجمل المعقدة وتقدم معلومات مهمة عن شخص أو شيء.
The person who called you is my brother.
This is the restaurant where we first met.
هناك نوعان من الجمل الوصلية:
- الجمل الوصلية التعريفية تقدم معلومات أساسية
- الجمل الوصلية غير التعريفية تقدم معلومات إضافية وغير ضرورية
Defining Relative Clauses
الجمل الوصلية التعريفية تقدم معلومات أساسية، لذلك لا يمكن حذفها من الجملة.- لا تُفصل باستخدام الفواصل
-
اسم الموصول يمكن استبداله بـ “that”
The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
-
في بعض الحالات يمكن حذف اسم الموصول who / which / that إذا كان يشكّل مفعولًا به في الجملة الفرعية
The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
-
بعد الكلمات all, everything, nothing, something, anything, the only, the first, the last لا نستخدم عادةً which أو who — بل نستخدم غالبًا that.
All that we need now is a little patience.
Everything that he said was true.
Nothing that you do can change the situation.
Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
She is the only person that understands me.
This is the first book that really inspired me.
That was the last message that he sent me.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
جمل الوصل غير التعريفية توفّر معلومات إضافية وغير أساسية يمكن حذفها دون تغيير المعنى الرئيسي.-
تكون دائمًا مفصولة بفواصل
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
-
نستخدم who / which / whose / whom؛ ولا يمكننا استخدام that
This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
-
في الجمل الوصلية غير التعريفية، لا يمكن حذف اسم الموصول
The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
-
Which يمكن أن يشير إلى الجملة السابقة بالكامل ويعلّق على الموقف
She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.