Relative Clauses ہم استعمال کرتے ہیں
ریلیٹو کلاز پیچیدہ جملوں کا حصہ ہوتے ہیں اور کسی شخص یا چیز کے بارے میں اہم معلومات فراہم کرتے ہیں۔
The person who called you is my brother.
This is the restaurant where we first met.
ریلیٹو کلاز کی دو اقسام ہوتی ہیں:
- تعریفی ریلیٹو کلاز ضروری معلومات فراہم کرتے ہیں
- غیر تعریفی ریلیٹو کلاز اضافی، غیر ضروری معلومات فراہم کرتے ہیں
Defining Relative Clauses
تعریفی ریلیٹو کلاز ضروری معلومات فراہم کرتے ہیں، اس لیے انہیں جملے سے حذف نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔- کوما سے جدا نہیں کیے جاتے
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رشتہ دار ضمیر کو “that” سے بدلا جا سکتا ہے
The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
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بعض صورتوں میں موصولی ضمیر who / which / that کو حذف کیا جا سکتا ہے جب وہ جملے میں مفعول ہو
The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
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all، everything، nothing، something، anything، the only، the first، the last کے بعد ہم عام طور پر which یا who استعمال نہیں کرتے — اس کی جگہ اکثر that استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
All that we need now is a little patience.
Everything that he said was true.
Nothing that you do can change the situation.
Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
She is the only person that understands me.
This is the first book that really inspired me.
That was the last message that he sent me.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
non-defining relative clauses اضافی اور غیر ضروری معلومات فراہم کرتی ہیں، جنہیں ہٹانے سے بھی بنیادی مطلب تبدیل نہیں ہوتا۔-
ہمیشہ کوما سے جدا کیے جاتے ہیں
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
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ہم who / which / whose / whom استعمال کرتے ہیں؛ ہم that استعمال نہیں کرسکتے
This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
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non-defining clauses میں موصولی ضمیر کو حذف نہیں کیا جاسکتا
The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
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Which پچھلے پورے جملے کی طرف اشارہ کر سکتا ہے اور صورتِ حال پر تبصرہ کر سکتا ہے
She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.