Relative Clauses χρησιμοποιούμε
Οι αναφορικές προτάσεις αποτελούν μέρος σύνθετων προτάσεων και παρέχουν σημαντικές πληροφορίες για ένα άτομο ή ένα πράγμα.
The person who called you is my brother.
This is the restaurant where we first met.
Υπάρχουν δύο είδη αναφορικών προτάσεων:
- Οριστικές αναφορικές προτάσεις παρέχουν ουσιαστικές πληροφορίες
- Μη οριστικές αναφορικές προτάσεις παρέχουν πρόσθετες, μη ουσιαστικές πληροφορίες
Defining Relative Clauses
Οριστικές αναφορικές προτάσεις παρέχουν ουσιαστικές πληροφορίες, επομένως δεν μπορούμε να τις αφαιρέσουμε από την πρόταση.- δεν χωρίζονται με κόμματα
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η αναφορική αντωνυμία μπορεί να αντικατασταθεί με “that”
The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
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σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, η αναφορική αντωνυμία who / which / that μπορεί να παραλειφθεί όταν αποτελεί το αντικείμενο της πρότασης
The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
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μετά τις λέξεις all, everything, nothing, something, anything, the only, the first, the last συνήθως δεν χρησιμοποιούμε which ή who — χρησιμοποιούμε συνήθως that.
All that we need now is a little patience.
Everything that he said was true.
Nothing that you do can change the situation.
Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
She is the only person that understands me.
This is the first book that really inspired me.
That was the last message that he sent me.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
οι μη προσδιοριστικές αναφορικές προτάσεις παρέχουν πρόσθετες, μη ουσιώδεις πληροφορίες που μπορούν να αφαιρεθούν χωρίς να αλλάξει το κύριο νόημα.-
χωρίζονται πάντα με κόμματα
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
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χρησιμοποιούμε who / which / whose / whom· δεν μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε that
This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
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στις μη προσδιοριστικές αναφορικές προτάσεις η αναφορική αντωνυμία δεν μπορεί να παραλειφθεί
The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
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το Which μπορεί να αναφέρεται σε ολόκληρη την προηγούμενη πρόταση και να σχολιάζει την κατάσταση
She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
Defining Relative Clauses examples
My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.