Modal Verbs: sözlemler, maşklar, synaglar we mysallar

Modal Verbs ulanyarys

Bu mowzukda must, have to, don’t have to we mustn’t sözlerini borçlulyk, zerurlyk, zerurlygyň ýoklugy we gadaganlyk barada gürrüň etmek üçin ulanýarys.

I must finish this report today.
Men bu hasabaty şu gün gutarmaly.
We have to leave early tomorrow.
Ertir ir gitmeli.
You don’t have to bring any food.
Hiç hili iýmit getirmek hökman däl.
Visitors mustn’t touch the paintings.
Myhmanlar suratlara degmeli däl.

Modal Verbs Forma

Must modal işlikdir. Must we mustn’t-den soň, biz işligiň başlangyç görnüşini (V1) to-syz ulanýarys. Have to başga gurluşdyr: onuň yzyndan hem işlik gelýär, ýöne have sözüniň görnüşi üýtgeýär: have to, has to, had to.

must + V1
mustn’t + V1
have to / has to / had to + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

She must call them now.
Ol häzir olara jaň etmeli.
He has to wear a uniform at work.
Ol işde forma geýmeli.
They had to cancel the meeting.
Olar duşuşygy ýatyrmaly boldular.
We didn’t have to wait long.
Bize kän garaşmaly bolmady.

Modal Verbs Düzgünlik

  • Must güýçli zerurlyk ýa-da borçlulyk üçin ulanylýar. Ol köplenç gürleýäniň öz kararyny, güýçli duýgusyny ýa-da örän möhüm düzgüni görkezýär.
    I must talk to her today.
    Men şu gün onuň bilen gürleşmeli.
    Passengers must wear seat belts.
    Ýolagçylar howpsuzlyk guşaklaryny dakynmalydyrlar.
  • Have to adatça borçlulyk daşyndan gelende ulanylýar: düzgünlerden, tertipnamalardan, işden, mekdepden, ýagdaýdan ýa-da başga bir adamdan.
    I have to get up at six for work.
    Men işe gitmek üçin sagat altyda turmaly.
    She has to show her ID at the entrance.
    Ol girelgede öz şahsyýetnamasyny görkezmeli.
  • Geçen döwürdäki borçlulyk üçin, adatça had to ulanýarys. Adatça geçmişdäki borçlulyk barada aýtmak üçin must ulanmaýarys.
    ✅ We had to leave early yesterday.
    ❌ We must leave early yesterday.
  • Mustn’t gadaganlygy aňladýar: oňa rugsat berilmeýär. Bu diňe bir maslahat däl, eýsem bir düzgün, gadaganlyk ýa-da bir zady etmezlik barada örän berk görkezmedir.
    You mustn’t park here.
    Bu ýerde awtoulag goýup bolmaýar.
    Students mustn’t use their phones during the test.
    Okuwçylar synag wagtynda telefonlaryny ulanmaly däldirler.
  • Hökman däl diýmek zerurlyk ýok diýmekdir. Bu möhümdir: hökman däl gadaganlygy aňlatmaýar. Hereketi edip bilersiňiz, ýöne bu zerur däl.
    ✅ You don’t have to come early. (it is optional)
    ✅ You mustn’t come early. (it is not allowed)
  • must we mustn’t-den soň, biz diňe to-syz V1-i ulanýarys. have to-dan soň hem, esasy işligi onuň esasy görnüşinde ulanýarys, ýöne gurluşyň özünde to bar.
    ❌ You must to go now.
    ✅ You must go now.
    ✅ We have to leave now.
  • Must eýe bilen üýtgemeýär: I must, she must, they must. Ýöne have to üýtgeýär: I have to, he has to, we had to.
    ✅ He must wait.
    ✅ He has to wait.
    ❌ He have to wait.
  • must bilen berilýän soraglarda işlik eýeden öň gelýär: Must I ...? Ýöne gündelik iňlis dilinde have to bilen berilýän soraglar köplenç has tebigy eşidilýär: Do I have to ...?
    Must I finish this now?
    Men muny häzir tamamlamalymy?
    Do we have to book in advance?
    Öňünden ýer bron etmelimi?

Modal Verbs Inkär

Bu mowzukda inkär manynyň iki dürli görnüşi bar. Mustn’t = rugsat berilmeýär, gadaganlyk. Don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to = zerur däldi / zerur däl, şonuň üçin borçlulyk ýok.

mustn’t + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
Sen bu barada hiç kime aýtmaly däl.
He doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
Ol ýekşenbe günleri işlemeli däl.
We didn’t have to pay for parking.
Awtoulagy goýmak üçin pul tölemeli bolmadyk.

Modal Verbs Soraglar

must bilen soraglar dosuz düzülýär. have to bilen soraglar do / does / did bilen düzülýär.

Must + subject + V1?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + V1?

Must I sign here?
Men şu ýerde gol çekmelimi?
Do you have to wear a tie at work?
Işde galstuk dakynmak hökmanymy?
Does she have to come with us?
Ol biziň bilen gelmelimi?
Did they have to wait outside?
Olar daşarda garaşmaly boldularmy?

Modal Verbs Adaty ýalňyşlyklar

❌ You must to stop now.
✅ You must stop now.
❌ We haven’t to wear a uniform.
✅ We don’t have to wear a uniform.
❌ Do I must pay now?
✅ Must I pay now?
❌ He doesn’t has to come.
✅ He doesn’t have to come.
❌ We must go home yesterday.
✅ We had to go home yesterday.
❌ You don’t have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibition)
✅ You mustn’t smoke here.
❌ She mustn’t to touch it.
✅ She mustn’t touch it.

Modal Verbs Sözlemler

I must remember to call my dentist.
Men diş lukmanyma jaň etmegi ýatdan çykarmaly däl.
We have to change trains in Berlin.
Biz Berlinde otly çalyşmaly.
You don’t have to hurry; we still have time.
Howlukmaň; biziň henizem wagtymyz bar.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Myhmanlar haýwanlara iýmit bermeli däl.
She has to wear glasses for reading.
Ol okamak üçin äýnek dakynmaly.
Must we bring our passports?
Pasportlarymyzy getirmelimi?
They had to stay at the airport overnight.
Olar howa menzilinde gijäni geçirmeli boldular.
He doesn’t have to cook tonight.
Ol şu agşam nahar bişirmeli däl.
You mustn’t open this door.
Bu gapyny açmaly däl.
Do I have to fill in all the boxes?
Men ähli gutujyklary doldurmalymy?

Modal Verbs Mysallar

I must finish this email before lunch.
Men bu e-poçtany günortanlykdan öň tamamlamaly.
My brother has to travel a lot for work.
Agam iş sebäpli köp syýahat etmeli bolýar.
You don’t have to bring a gift to the party.
Baýrama sowgat getirmäge mejbur dälsiň.
Employees mustn’t share their passwords with anyone.
Işgärler öz parollaryny hiç kim bilen paýlaşmaly däldirler.
We had to walk because there were no taxis.
Biz pyýada gitmeli bolduk, sebäbi taksi ýokdy.
Does he have to wear a suit every day?
Ol her gün kostýum geýmelimi?
You must be quiet in the library.
Kitaphanada asuda bolmaly.
I don’t have to work this Saturday.
Men şu şenbe işlemeli däl.
Students mustn’t copy answers during the exam.
Talyplar synag wagtynda jogaplary göçürmeli däldirler.
Why did they have to leave so early?
Näme üçin olar şeýle ir gitmeli boldular?

Programmada elýeterli iňlis grammatikasy boýunça maşklar

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural